Big Up The Jamaican Accent.

This post is Biology. I dislike it very much coz I have a mock on it tomorrow and a real GCSE in January. But hey, revision's gotta be done.

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Enzymessss! -

• proteins
• biological scissors
• used to cultivate insulin
• have an optimun temperature of 37C (and denature when the temp rises too high)
• a higher concentration = a higher rate of reaction
• has to be the correct shape to fit its substrate

Diffusion - the movement from an area of high concentration to low concentration (down a concentration gradient)

Concentration - the larger the difference between the concentration of molecules, the faster it will diffuse

Temperature - the higher the temp, the faster it will diffuse

Pressure - the higher the pressure, the faster it will diffuse

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Cell membrane - is selectively permeable

OSMOSIS (and Jamaican accent) - the diffusion of water molecules from an area of high to low concentration

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Aerobic respiration --

Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)

Anaerobic respiration -

Glucose > Carbon Dioxide + Ethanol (+ Energy)

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The digestive system - is a long muscular tube in which enzymes speed up (catalyse) the breakdown of large insoluble molecules (eg. fats, proteins, starch) into smaller soluble molecules so that they can pass through the wall of the small intestine and into the bloodstream.

Amylase - breaks down starch (into glucose)

Protease - breaks down proteins (into amino acids)

Lipase - breaks down fats and glycerol

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Photosynthesis -

Carbon Dioxide + Water > Glucose + Oxygen

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Food chainsss -

Producers - plants that make their own food using light energy

Herbivores - animals that only eat plants

Carnivores - animals that only eat other animals

Omnivores - animals that eat plants AND other animals

Predator - an animal that hunts other animals

Prey - an animal that is hunted by other animals

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The Carbon Cycleee

Carbon enters the atmosphere from - combustion in factories, respiration in plants, photosynthesis in plants and the decay of animals.

Carbon enters the earth from - the decay of dead animals and plants (eg. sedimentation).

Cardon enters animals from - consumption.

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Harming the Earth --

Eutrophication - fertilisers in water, which leads to growth of plankton and stops light entering water sources, which kills water animals

Biodiversity - a wide range of different species living in one habitat

Hole in Ozone layer - unstable ozone is being harmed by water vapour, CFC (spray cans) and emissions

Greenhouse effect - earth warming due to increasing Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere

Bioaccumulation - chemicals being passed along food chain (think leaf, worm and robin)

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Intensive food production -

Advantages in Agriculture -

• genetically uniform
• reliable
• large quantities
• no land waste
• predicted yield
• resistance to disease
• predicted need for fertiliser

Disadvantages in Agriculture -

• unnatural ecosystem
• easy to wipe out with disease
• no control over unwanted pests
• eutrophication

Advantages in Husbandry -

• large production
• no land waste
• efficient
• cheap food

Disadvantages in Husbandry -

• animals have bad life
• disease
• suffering (crippled chickens)
• bad food quality
• bioaccumilation

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Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB)

bTB - is a very serious disease among cattle in Britain

Can be controlled by - vaccination, testing badgers, checking cattle when sold, controlling cattle movement more and culling infected herds

Whoop. That's Biology sorted, only Chemistry to worry about now :)